![]() Learn the richness of tourist destinations using images collected from millions of volunteers on the global web.Addictive learning game pits man versus machine. Fine tune the selected color by using the RGB controls. Tap on the picture to mark the color you want to get. Take a picture by camera or choose a picture from your gallery. ![]() Pick color codes from real world objects or compose colors from scratch. RwColorPicker - the real world color picker. Easily take a silent photo from within the application by pressing on the main button, this app is very easy to use Silent Foto Free - Tired of hearing the shutter sound effect each time you take a picture? Silent Foto allows you to take a picture the way it should be, with no annoying sound. Set your pics as your device wallpaper to remember those good times together.Įnhance your camera experience by selecting the frame you want to see your face in Send it over BBM™ to your loved ones, parents, kids. Valentine’s Day Photo Frames - Preserve your best moments with your loved ones in a classic photo frame. It involves recording light patterns as reflected from objects, on to a sensitive medium through momentary exposure Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus-patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. Want to know what size will have a photo printed in knowing his height in centimeters or inches? Or maybe know the size in pixels of a scanned photo by knowing its physical size? While this utility is for you. Photographer's Tools - Collection of utilities for pictures This basic free version contains a limited amount of features and no optimizations You can select the camera (front or back), effect and the processing quality/speed. SketcherCam - generates a basic real-time sketch and other cool effects using the cameras in your tablet. They say a picture is worth a thousand words and that's why Picture Magic was created, so you can share funny and entertaining photos with friends, family and co-workers Picture Magic is a photo editor that lets you to add some fun into your photos. RIM BlackBerry OS 5.0, RIM BlackBerry OS 6.0, RIM BlackBerry OS 7.0, RIM BlackBerry OS 7.1 Customize border width in Picframes editor.Set custom background for Picframes with textures pack.Magic tools: auto-levels and sharpening help you to improve your photos.New add-on - special effects, apply 12 special effects to your photos.color splash is implemented for keyboard devices without touch screen.Indonesian localization, UI improvements and more.Several output formats: Save the result in two formats: you can save a result as screen dimensions photo or you can apply all stored operations to an original photo. ![]() Combine operations: Apply single or multiple effects to one image.Grayscale, Ocean, Sepia, Mystique, Pink, Disco 80s, Old style, Old newspaper, Rainbow, Office style, Behind the glass and so on. Apply set of beautiful digital frames to your photos. Transform operations: resize, rotate, crop.Base photo operations: brightness, contrast, RGB color adjustment, hue, saturation etc.With just a quick glimpse you can see the overall security rating for your device – excellent, fair or poor – and what you can do to improve it.Photo Studio for BlackBerry - Powerful photo studio for BlackBerry. The DTEK™ by BlackBerry® for Android app will automatically monitor your OS and apps and let you know when your privacy could be at risk and how you can take action to improve it. ![]() Security can seem complicated, but BlackBerry makes it simple for you. We could get really technical and tell you about all the things we do to ensure our devices are ultra secure, but just know that BlackBerry lives and breathes security and has taken extra steps to help protect you from malware, data breaches and any attempts to hack and tamper with your OS. Whether it’s your financial reports or your selfies, your data is encrypted on the PRIV and DTEK series smartphones.
0 Comments
![]() Order-Independence īeancount offers a guarantee that the ordering of its directives in an input file is irrelevant to the outcome of its computations. It isolates itself from the ugly details of external sources of data in this way. that of fetching and converting it segment from each other very well naturally: Beancount provides a core which allows you to ingest all the transactional data and derive reports from it, and its syntax is the hinge that connects it to these external repositories of transactions or prices. Most importantly, the problems of representing the data vs. External data formats can be notoriously bad, and they are too numerous to handle all of them (handling just the most common subset would beg the question of where to include the implementation of new converters). In addition, fetching and converting external data is very messy. Isolating the input to a single source makes it easier to debug, reproduce and isolate problems when they occur. In particular, it should not contact any external networked service or open any “global” files, even just a cache of historical prices or otherwise. Invariants Isolation of Inputs īeancount should accept input only from the text file you provide to its tools. But I figured it would still be worthwhile to spell out some of the ideas that led to this design here. Normally one writes a design document before writing the software. Expect some random thoughts that aren’t important for users. This is a place where I wrote about a lot of the ideas behind Beancount that did not find any other venue. This should also be of interest to developers. However, if you just want to understand more deeply how Beancount works this document should be very helpful. This is not a user's manual if you are interested in just using Beancount, see the associated User's Manual and all the other documents available here. This document describes the principles behind the design of Beancount and a high-level overview of its codebase, data structures, algorithms, implementation and methodology. ![]() Two Stages of Parsing: Incomplete Entries I hope for this document to provide a map of the main objects used in the source code to make it easy to write scripts and plugins on top of Beancount or even extend it. Martin Blais ( guide for developers to understand Beancount’s internals. A Proposal for an Improvement on Inventory Booking.Two Stages of Parsing: Incomplete Entries.A Comparison of Beancount and Ledger Hledger.Running Beancount and Generating Reports. You can just click on the squares to play and crawl through the dungeons. Tasks, monsters, and rewards are all simplified into squares in the rooms. Multiple rooms are connected into dungeons. Complete tasks, explore the locked rooms. Minimal Dungeon RPG is a Simple Dungeon Crawler of RPG. Players will complete various quests, battle monsters and earn rewards. This project is a minimalistic dungeon crawler which reminds gameplay mechanics of a board game. A rich and immersive storyline runs throughout the whole game. Description Minimal Dungeon RPG is an adventure RPG dungeon crawler with a minimal gameplay and a mixture of idle/incremental elments. Minimal Dungeon RPG is a clicker-style adventure game to explore multiple rooms that are connected to the dungeons. Minimal Dungeon RPG is an opportunity to set out to explore a fantasy world where users will roam dark dungeons and fight dangerous monsters. A fan of dungeon crawlers will not want to miss the game! In this game, you can experience the pleasure of classic RPG, simulation, and strategic dungeon-style games. Offer me 3 to 1 odds, and I’m interested. A 50/50 split, today, I’d bet against it. You can just click on the squares to play and crawl through the dungeons. Let’s talk wagers: an AI able to competently run a popular RPG system designed for humans to run with pen-and-paper, with minimal or no adjustments, before 2024 ends. Tasks, monsters, and rewards are all simplified into squares in the rooms. Minimal Dungeon RPG - Gameplay / (PC) - YouTube Minimal Dungeon RPG is a Simple Dungeon Crawler of RPG. Minimal Dungeon is a brand new RPG that is based on the classic RPG. After breaking down numerous barriers, you encounter the final Boss! Who will be the Lord of this land? YOU will if you win! The more enemies you slay, the more loots you gain. They want to kill you! All you need to do is wield your weapons to defeat them one by one. The monsters, stoneman, and wolf can all feel something unusual inside you, something that awakens the fears deep in their souls. Starting from the valley of Casa, you will trek through this threatening continent. However, the adventure can never go smoothly. YOU.were born.Īs a fragment of the ancient Demon Lord, you will open an adventure to seek for the mystery of your origins. Besides, quests, monsters are simplified into cubes in the rooms. There are multiple rooms are connected into dungeons. I highly recommend you an innovative RPG based on a classic. In the deep valley of Casa, a light beam rushed into the night sky. Minimal Dungeon Rpg is an online HTML5 game and 100 of 5 players like the game. Minimal Dungeon RPG is a Simple Dungeon Crawler of RPG. ![]() To configure the Windows OneDrive app to access the files in your USC Office 365 account: If your computer is running Windows 8.1, 7, or Vista, download the app through Microsoft’s OneDrive website at /about/en-us/download. If your computer is running the Windows 10 operating system, the OneDrive desktop app is already installed. This page will explain how to download these apps and configure them to access your USC OneDrive for Business files. You can also right-click on the app icon and select “Move to Trash.” If you installed the app from the App Store, you can also uninstall it by opening up the App Store application, selecting “Purchases” from the top menu, and then clicking “Delete” next to the app that you want to remove.You can sync and backup your computer’s files using OneDrive for Business through a web browser or through desktop and mobile apps. The most common way is to drag the app icon from the Applications folder to the trash can on the dock. There are a few different ways to uninstall an app on Mac. OneDrive allows users to store and sync their files online, making them accessible from anywhere. It comes pre-installed on some versions of Windows and can be installed on Macs. OneDrive is a cloud storage service from Microsoft. It can be hard to find your way around the website and figure out how to do things. Another disadvantage is that OneDrive doesn’t have a very user-friendly interface. This can be a problem if you have a lot of data to store. For example, Google Drive offers 15GB of free storage, while OneDrive only offers 5GB. The biggest disadvantage of OneDrive is that it doesn’t offer as much free storage space as some other cloud storage services. If you’re using a Mac, you can find similar sync settings in the OneDrive preferences menu. Then, click “Choose folders” and uncheck any folders that you don’t want to sync. To do this, open the OneDrive app and click the Settings gear icon. If you’re using a PC, you can stop your computer from syncing to OneDrive by turning off the sync settings. How do I stop my computer from syncing to OneDrive? However, if you are using Microsoft Office 365, then OneDrive is required in order to save and sync your documents. Ultimately, it depends on your individual needs and preferences. Some users find that OneDrive is an essential part of their workflow, while others prefer to use alternative cloud storage solutions or local storage options. There is no one definitive answer to this question. Do I really need OneDrive on my computer? OneDrive does not delete any files when you unlink it from your computer. You will also no longer be able to sync new files or make changes to existing ones. If you uninstall OneDrive, any files that are currently synced to your device will be removed. What will happen if I uninstall OneDrive? To access the files, open the OneDrive folder from the Finder. OneDrive files are stored in the OneDrive folder in the user’s home directory. Where are OneDrive files stored on a Mac? ![]() When you delete a file from OneDrive, it is also deleted from your computer. Does deleting from OneDrive delete from computer? You can also right-click on the OneDrive icon in your system tray and select Stop syncing a folder… from the menu. Locate the OneDrive folder and delete it. In the Run dialog box, type %userprofile% and press Enter. To do this, press the Windows key + R on your keyboard to open the Run dialog box. To remove OneDrive, you will need to delete the OneDrive folder from your computer. Install OneDrive, following the instructions provided by Microsoft. Download the latest version of OneDrive from Microsoft’s website.ĥ. Locate the Microsoft OneDrive app and drag it to the Trash.Ĥ. Open the Applications folder in Finder.Ģ. The process for uninstalling and reinstalling OneDrive on Mac is as follows:ġ. How do I completely remove OneDrive from my Mac? How do I Uninstall and reinstall OneDrive on Mac? Once the uninstall process is complete, you will need to restart your computer for the changes to take effect. Double-click on the application to launch it and then click on the “Uninstall” button.ģ. Open the Applications folder and locate the OneDrive Uninstaller application.Ģ. The best way to uninstall OneDrive on a Mac is to use the built-in OneDrive Uninstaller located in the Applications folder. ![]() The story behind that hardware story: we’re building the software and services needed to plug all that power into the thriving Android ecosystem. SHIELD is built with the same Maxwell GPU found in everything from supercomputers to the very latest gaming PCs. Of course, SHIELD offers great gaming, too. You can even beam content to your television, via Cast, from Android devices. Use SHIELD’s included console-style controller or our incredibly-simple remote. Call up movies and shows using Google’s shockingly accurate voice search. “We think people using NVIDIA’s SHIELD console will love watching YouTube in 4K, thanks to the work NVIDIA did to make its Tegra X1 processor support VP9 video decoding,” says Heather Rivera, YouTube’s director of product partnerships. It’s the first streaming device built to handle 4K digital media, hustling video onto next-gen TVs at up to 60 frames per second. That means SHIELD is ready to handle whatever multimedia comes next. That’s more than the world’s fastest supercomputer could just 15 years ago. Our Tegra X1 processor’s 256 GPU cores bring the power of our Maxwell GPU architecture to Android, cranking out 1 teraflops of computing power. These apps do more than just work on SHIELD. So, it works with your other mobile devices-and the rich ecosystem of apps built around them. SHIELD runs the Android TV operating system. ![]() SHIELD controller, SHIELD remove, SHIELD stand Power adapter (Includes plugs for North America, Europe, UK) HDMI cable (High Speed), USB cable (Micro-USB to USB) SHIELD software upgrades directly from NVIDIA IR Receiver (compatible with Logitech Harmony) High-resolution audio upsample to 24-bit/192hHz over USBĨ02.11ac 2x2 MIMO 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi High-resolution audio playback up to 24-bit/192kHz over HDMI and USB ![]() NVIDIA® Tegra® X1 processor with 256-core Maxwell™ GPU with 3GB RAMĤK Ultra-HD Ready with 4K playback and capture up to 60 fps (VP9, H265, H264)ħ.1 and 5.1 surround sound pass through over HDMI “Before you know it, applications will come along that surprise us,” Jen-Hsun said. These devices will replace dedicated devices over time, just as an application has replaced your GPS, your music player, your radio, your camera. Now, with SHIELD, you can bring it all together in a device that lives near the best screen in your house. Just as smart phones will be how we enjoy phones, smart TVs is how we will enjoy television, Jen-Hsun said. We’ve been working on the technologies we’re talking about today for more than five years. When introduced the unit will cost roughly 199 USD, that's say 175 EURO for both a for the settopbox and Shield gamepad. The unit will game though Grid streaming. Internal storage memory is 16GB and the system work memory is 3GB. The unit is working on Android TV and gets the new Tegra X1 SoC. Nvidia at GDC announced a new product in the Shield lineup, a settopbox that is aimed at gaming. ![]() Support for 6 new languages: Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian, Thai and Filipino Real names and appear together in all parts of the app Fixed character counting bug in the Tweet composer Fix for unfavoriting Tweets Fix for Growl notifications Other nifty fixes and improvements Changes When you read a message on another official Twitter app, it will be marked as read on your Mac. When you read a Direct message on Twitter for Mac it will be marked as read in all of your official Twitter apps, including Twitter for iPhone, Twitter for iPad, Twitter for Android,, and TweetDeck. You can also update your notification settings to see interactions in real time. Now you can see when your Tweets have been retweeted or favorited, when you have a new follower, and when you've been added to a list in your timeline. Twitter for Mac is a wonderfully slick twitter client and if you liked Tweetie, you'll love it Notifications are also limited - a blue box in your Menu Bar is all you get to tell you that a new tweet has been made if the main interface is hidden. ![]() Of course, once you know where this is, its not a problem but it does seem strange that the developers have chosen to "hide" it like this. One thing that is a bit odd in Twitter for Mac is that the option to write a new tweet is hidden away in the bottom left hand corner of the interface. Twitter features the same slick interface with tweets appearing down the right hand side and six buttons down the left to navigate and use it including new tweets, personal messages or trending topics. Twitter for Mac looks and feels very much like its original incarnation as Tweetie which is no surprise, but is a bit more polished and integrated with Twitter as you might expect. ![]() Iron Cruiser via ferrata packages are also affected. The Easy Rider Via ferrata set and the Iron Cruiser via ferrata set manufactured between 26 October, 2015 and 18 January, 2016, with manufacturing codes between 52 are affected. If they fail inspection, please contact Black Diamond, and we will replace your ascenders free of charge.”Įasy Rider and Iron Cruiser via ferrata lanyard sets are also subject to the recall because of the possibility of defects in the stitching that could cause the lanyard to fail, potentially resulting in serious injury or death. “If you own Index Ascenders that fall within the scope of this recall, Black Diamond is requesting that you stop use immediately and inspect them. “No accidents have been reported however, in the interest of customer safety, Black Diamond has decided to voluntarily issue a recall, subject to user inspection, of Index Ascenders. “There is also the potential that the rivet attaching the plastic safety catch to the cam may not be properly finished, increasing the likelihood that the ascender could become detached from the rope. This could cause the cam to become detached, allowing the ascender to disconnect from the rope.Ĭertain via ferrata sets are subject to the recall We are proactively mobilising our entire global organization to ensure the quality of our product.”įor the Index ascenders, the recall concerns both the right and left versions manufactured between 22 December, 2014 and 25 February, 2016, with manufacturing codes between 43.īlack Diamond said: “In some Index Ascenders, the rivet attaching the toothed cam to the ascender body may not be properly finished. “As a company of climbers, we know the paramount importance of trusting your equipment. ![]() “However, our legacy of excellence and commitment to the climbing community compels us to take extraordinary measures to ensure products in the field meet all necessary safety requirements. As an example, tens of thousands of Camalots have been produced in our Salt Lake City factory since repatriation, and we have found only one unit that did not meet our critical quality requirements. “The number of affected units found is extremely small and no incidents have been reported. “As a result of this quality audit, we are issuing a voluntary recall for inspection of Easy Rider and Iron Cruiser via ferrata lanyard sets, Index Ascenders, Camalots and Camalot Ultralights, along with previously announced recalls of select carabiners and nylon runners. “After having uncovered quality issues with a low percentage of our carabiners manufactured in the United States, Black Diamond recently initiated a comprehensive quality audit of our manufacturing operations. The company is urging those who have these products to inspect their gear to see if they are affected by the recall.īlack Diamond said: “In 2014 Black Diamond began the process of bringing our manufacturing back to Salt Lake City, Utah from Zhuhai, China. ![]() Climbers with Index ascenders need to check their gearĪ major gear manufacturer is warning climbers to stop using some of it models.īlack Diamond has issued a voluntary recall on certain ascenders, via ferrata lanyards and climbing cams. 48% 1 suggest there is not enough public charging infrastructure.56% 1 think they are more expensive to buy than their petrol/diesel equivalent.56% 1 of ICE drivers who are not considering an EV believe there are not enough charging points.The survey also uncovers a strong disconnect surrounding charging and infrastructure from those EV drivers who currently utilise the facilities, and the impression of those ICE drivers yet to benefit from them, highlighting starkly different viewpoints. ![]() These findings serve as a strong indication to ICE drivers that range should not be a deterring factor for switching to an EV. 70% 1 of existing EV drivers note their experience of range has been better than they expected. However, despite these results, drawing comparison with those who have already converted to an electric car, EV drivers confidently counteract these fears. 30% 1 note having a better charging infrastructure would persuade them to switch.32% 1 of ICE drivers would be drawn by ease of charging.38% 1 of ICE drivers believe the biggest pull-factor would be greater range.Likewise, when looking into the reasons behind the 30% 1 of ICE drivers who are unlikely to consider a fully electric vehicle, the majority (58% 1) said the biggest concern is that EVs have low driving range autonomy.įurther exploration into factors that would convince drivers to switch unsurprisingly reveal: Likewise, almost a quarter (23% 1) say the most common myth surrounding EV driving is that the current charging infrastructure cannot cope, indicating high satisfaction in existing EV drivers, and a positive opportunity for future adopters.Īlmost half (47% 1) of ICE drivers say the main advantage of a petrol or diesel car is greater range autonomy. Reassuringly, the majority (69% 1) of EV drivers are happy with the current charging infrastructure available. ![]() We are confident that with more electric vehicles on the road dispelling myths, range anxiety will soon be in the past,” said Arnaud Charpentier, Region Vice President, Product Strategy and Pricing, Nissan AMIEO. It is no surprise that people now drive EV further than ICE cars. “This research reiterates that electric driving is not only a smart option beneficial to the environment but also a fun, exciting and convenient choice for the owners. To help further understand the driving experiences and perception of motorists, the study reveals EV drivers are totalling on average more than 8,800 miles 1,2 annually.Ĭompared to their ICE driver counterparts, who are averaging 8,450 miles 1, this new research foresees a bright future for sustainable mobility.Īhead of World Environment Day on Saturday 05 June, designed to encourage worldwide awareness and action to protect our environment, these findings present electric mobility and its environmental benefits as a key driver in helping to tackle ecological challenges. ![]() In fact, on average they are annually travelling over 370 clean miles 1,2 further than internal combustion engine (ICE) drivers according to recent research commissioned by the automaker. In true testament to the satisfaction of zero-emission mobility, Nissan discovers EV drivers are going the extra mile. ![]() Examples of such changes include de novo creation of a virus family (e.g., Anelloviridae), 8 splitting a new family off of an existing one (e.g., Hepeviridae from Caliciviridae), 9 dividing a family into two new families (e.g., Papovaviridae into Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae), 10 and uniting formerly separate families (e.g., incorporation of Toroviridae into Coronaviridae). It bears some similarities to viroid pathogens of plants.įacilitated by advances in molecular methods, the discovery of new viruses and more careful characterization of known viruses 6, 7 have resulted in frequent changes in family taxonomy. HFloating genus, which is not currently assigned to a viral family. Rubella virus Chikungunya virus eastern equine, western equine, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses Ross River, Sindbis, and Semliki Forest viruses Rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Australian bat lyssavirus, Duvenhage virus, Mokola virus Human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2, human T-lymphocyte lymphotropic viruses, 47 xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus, g human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), simian foamy virus Human rotavirus, Colorado tick fever virus, human reovirus, c Kemerovo virus Molluscum contagiosum virus, variola (smallpox) virus, monkeypox virus, vaccinia virus, orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, Tanapox virus, Yaba monkey tumor virus 46 JC virus, BK virus, KI virus, WU virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, lymphotropic polyomavirus, human polyomavirus 6, human polyomavirus 7, trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus, human polyomavirus 9 44, 45 Respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumoviruses Genus Salivirus: human klassevirus, 43 salivirus A Genus Cardiovirus: Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus, Saffold viruses 42 Genus Hepatovirus: hepatitis A virus (HAV) Genus Enterovirus: human rhinoviruses (>100 serotypes), enteroviruses (>100 serotypes, including poliovirus 1–3, coxsackievirus A and B, echoviruses, and other human enteroviruses) Human parvovirus B19, human bocavirus, 39 adeno-associated viruses c, e Measles (rubeola) virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza viruses, Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Menangle virus 38 Human papilloma virus (>150 types with various degrees of oncogenicity) 37 subtype H1N1), influenza B virus, influenza C virus, Thogoto virus, Dhori virus, 36 Bourbon virus Herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, human herpesvirus 7, human herpesvirus 8 (i.e., Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), herpes simian B virus Genus Pegivirus d: GB virus-C c (GBV-C) (formerly hepatitis G virus ) 35 Genus Hepacivirus: hepatitis C virus (HCV) Genus Alphavirus: dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Kyasanur encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Zika virus, and others SARS coronavirus MERS coronavirus 29 human coronaviruses OC43, 32 229E, NL63, 33 and HKU1 34 human torovirus and other human enteric coronavirusesĮbola viruses (e.g., Zaire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Taï Forest ebolavirus), 29 Marburg virus Mammalian 1 bornavirus (formerly Borna disease virus ) 29Ĭalifornia encephalitis virus, Sin Nombre virus, La Crosse virus, Hantaan virus, Muerto Canyon virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Sandfly fever viruses, Rift Valley fever virus, Heartland virus, and many others Lassa virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Junin virus, Machupo virus, Guanarito virus, Sabiá virus, Whitewater Arroyo virus, 30 Chapare virus, 31 Lujo virus ![]() Torque teno virus 1 (TTV1), c Torque teno mini virus 1, Torque teno midi virus 1 29 (type species for numerous viruses in 3 genera) Human adenovirus types 1 to 57 in seven species (human adenovirus species A to G) 28, 29 ![]() Nature of gene expression, including nature and number of mRNA transcriptsįor example, use of genomic polyproteins (e.g., picornaviruses, flaviviruses) use of reverse transcriptase (e.g., retroviruses, hepadnaviruses) use of multiple 3′ nested genes (e.g., coronaviruses) use of RNA ambisense coding (e.g., arenaviruses, bunyaviruses) For example, type of RNA cap, location of structural genes or repeat sequencesįor example, bullet-shaped rhabdoviruses or star-shaped astrovirusesįor example, large-genome DNA viruses (e.g., poxviruses, herpesviruses) versus small-genome viruses (e.g., picornaviruses, parvoviruses, hepadnaviruses) ![]() Alternatively, if spectral radiance is defined as dE λ/ dλ, then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm (282 GHz, 1.168 ×10 −3 eV photons). The spectral radiance dE ν/ dν peaks at 160.23 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies, corresponding to a photon energy of about 6.626 ×10 −4 eV. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 2.725 48 ☐.000 57 K. Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. Extracting fine details from the CMB data can be challenging, since the emission has undergone modification by foreground features such as galaxy clusters. The peak values of this spectrum hold important information about the physical properties of the early universe: the first peak determines the overall curvature of the universe, while the second and third peak detail the density of normal matter and so-called dark matter, respectively. The distribution of the anisotrophy across the sky has frequency components that can be represented by a power spectrum displaying a sequence of peaks and valleys. The anisotropy structure is determined by various interactions of matter and photons up to the point of decoupling, which results in a characteristic lumpy pattern that varies with angular scale. ![]() Ground and space-based experiments such as COBE and WMAP have been used to measure these temperature inhomogeneties. The CMB is not completely smooth and uniform, showing a faint anisotropy that can be mapped by sensitive detectors. The surface of last scattering refers to a shell at the right distance in space so photons are now received that were originally emitted at the time of decoupling. However, the photons have grown less energetic since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase. Known as the recombination epoch, this decoupling event released photons to travel freely through space – sometimes referred to as relic radiation. Unlike the plasma, these atoms could not scatter thermal radiation by Thomson scattering, and so the universe became transparent. As the universe expanded, this plasma cooled to the point where protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms of mostly hydrogen. In the Big Bang cosmological models, during the earliest periods the universe was filled with an opaque fog of dense, hot plasma of sub-atomic particles. ĬMB is landmark evidence of the Big Bang theory for the origin of the universe. The accidental discovery of the CMB in 1965 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s. ![]() This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. ![]() However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope detects a faint background glow that is almost uniform and is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. With a standard optical telescope, the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark. It is a remnant that provides an important source of data on the primordial universe. The cosmic microwave background ( CMB, CMBR) is microwave radiation that fills all space. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |